Post Dated Checks are managed the same way a regular check is created, confirmed and reconciled.

Odoo supports any future date for a check - both outgoing checks (Vendor) and incoming checks (Customer).

Once the bank verifies the check was drawn (or cashed) you will see a bank statement line to match the payment against. 

Note: many banks are not obligated to hold checks so the date the bank statement shows the check payment may be earlier than the date in Odoo, but it is supported to reconcile payments where the bank date is earlier.

https://www.consumerfinance.gov/ask-cfpb/can-a-bank-or-credit-union-cash-a-post-dated-check-before-the-date-on-the-check-en-967/