Hi, your changes on res_partner_rule from your custom_module is not affected because that record rule is set in the base module xml file with noupdate="1"

And also if you notice, that rule is inactive by default.

<record model="ir.rule" id="res_partner_rule">
    <field name="name">res.partner company</field>
    <field name="model_id" ref="base.model_res_partner"/>
    <!--
        Show partners from ancestors and descendants companies
        (or company-less), this is usually a better default for
        multicompany setups.
    -->
    <field name="domain_force">['|','|',('company_id.child_ids','child_of',[user.company_id.id]),('company_id','child_of',[user.company_id.id]),('company_id','=',False)]</field>
    <field name="active" eval="False"/>
</record>

So before modifying the rule, just enable that default rule n try if it solves your issue. 

if not, you may check this link to understand how to override the record values set with noupdate="1", from your custom module. For eg:

<function name="write" model="ir.model.data">
    <function name="search" model="ir.model.data">
        <value eval="[('module', '=', 'base'), ('name', '=', 'res_partner_rule')]"/>
    </function>
    <value eval="{'noupdate': False}"/>
</function>

<record model="ir.rule" id="base.res_partner_rule">
    <field name="name">res.partner company</field>
    <field name="model_id" ref="base.model_res_partner"/>
    <!--
        Show partners from ancestors and descendants companies
        (or company-less), this is usually a better default for
        multicompany setups.
    -->
    <field name="domain_force"> ['|',('company_id','=',user.company_id.id),('company_id','=',False)]</field>
    <field name="active" eval="True"/>
</record>


<function name="write" model="ir.model.data">
    <function name="search" model="ir.model.data">
        <value eval="[('module', '=', 'base'), ('name', '=', 'res_partner_rule')]"/>
    </function>
    <value eval="{'noupdate': True}"/>
</function>

Hope this helps!!